Carbon black, known as the representative of amorphous carbon, is a light, fluffy black powder with large surface area. It is primarily produced through incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of carbon-containing substances (such as coal, natural gas, heavy oil, etc.) under conditions of insufficient air. Carbon black is a carbon-based material composed predominantly of carbon, characterized by unique microstructures, particle morphology, and surface properties. It is prepared by various methods, including furnace method, channel method, acetylene method, lampblack method, and thermal decomposition, which results in different types of carbon black products.
1. Applications of Carbon Black
1) Reinforcement of Rubber: Carbon black plays a critical role in rubber products, serving not only as a reinforcing agent but also as a filler. It significantly enhances the mechanical properties of rubber.
2) UV Protection: the oxygen-containing groups on the surface of carbon black can react with groups generated by polymer decomposition under UV irradiation, thereby preventing further degradation. Therefore, carbon black with a low amount of coordination can effectively shield the surface of the product from ultraviolet rays, but it should be noted that this may also lead to the color of the product to become dark gray or black.
3) Coloration: As a key pigment in black inks and paints, carbon black directly influences product blackness, rheological properties, and gloss. It is also vital for color adjustment in plastic products.
4) Conductivity Enhancement: Specially engineered conductive carbon black imparts electrical conductivity to inherently insulating polymers like plastics. It also demonstrates unique value in energy applications, particularly in lithium-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, and supercapacitors.
As a crucial industrial material, carbon black finds extensive applications across multiple sectors. The tire industry is a major consumer, where its superior reinforcing properties markedly improve wear resistance and tensile strength. Additionally, black coatings rely heavily on carbon black for their pure hue and strong opacity, making them indispensable in construction and automotive fields. The plastics industry also depends on carbon black to enhance conductivity, mechanical strength, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance.
2. Classification of Carbon Black
1) By production method: Lampblack, gas black, furnace black, and channel black.
2) By application: Pigment carbon black, rubber carbon black, conductive carbon black, and special carbon black.
3) By function: Reinforcing carbon black, coloring carbon black, conductive carbon black, etc.
3. Selection Guidelines for Carbon Black
Users should first identify their functional requirements: coloration, tinting, UV protection, or conductivity. Communicate with carbon black technical engineers to evaluate material systems is essential for optimal selection. General principles include:
Coloration: Opt for high-blackness, small-particle-size carbon black, ensuring proper and complete dispersion to avoid counterproductive results.
Tinting: Choose low-blackness, large-particle-size carbon black with easy dispersibility.
UV protection (for plastics/rubber-plastic blends): Select medium-particle-size carbon black with moderately high structure for optimal UV resistance.
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Post time: Apr-23-2025